Tax In Norway – Understanding Norwegian Taxes in 2024

The Norwegian Tax System is very comprehensive and robust. As one of the pillars underpinning Norway’s welfare model, the taxation system plays an essential role in ensuring public services are accessible, and the society remains equitable.

For foreign residents, understanding this system becomes paramount. Whether you’re here for employment, long-term tourism, or any other purpose, comprehending the tax landscape is a legal obligation and a means to navigate fiscal responsibilities adeptly.

The Basics of Norwegian Taxation

In order to gain a comprehensive grasp of the fiscal responsibilities in Norway, it is crucial first to understand the fundamental components of its taxation system. Norway’s approach to taxation is multifaceted, catering both to individual income and the consumption of goods and services.

Income Tax

Norway operates on a progressive tax system for individual incomes. This means that the higher your income, the larger the percentage you will pay in taxes. Taxation on income is levied at both national and municipal levels.

• National Tax: This is a set percentage of your income and primarily funds nationwide services and initiatives.
• Municipal Tax: This rate can vary depending on the municipality in which you reside. Revenue from this tax is predominantly used to finance local projects and services.

Value Added Tax (VAT)

Often encountered in daily transactions, the Value Added Tax is a consumption tax applied to purchasing goods and services. In Norway, different VAT rates are depending on the type of product or service:

•    Standard Rate: Applied to most goods and services.
•    Reduced Rate: For specific items such as foodstuffs.
•    Special Reduced Rate: This rate applies to specific services like cinema tickets, hotel accommodations, and public transportation.
•    Zero Rate: Some goods, such as newspapers and books, are zero-rated, meaning they are VAT taxable, but the rate is 0%.

Wealth Tax

Norway is among the few countries that levy a wealth tax, which is calculated based on the net assets of an individual.

• How it works: Assets and debts are totaled at the end of the fiscal year to determine net wealth. If this exceeds a certain threshold, a percentage is taxed.
• Rate: This can vary, but there are often distinctions in rates at municipal and national levels.

Property Tax

Not all municipalities in Norway impose a property tax, but where it is implemented, it is based on the market value or assessed value of a property.

•    Calculation: The tax is typically a percentage of the property’s value.
•    Payment: The payment frequency can differ, with some municipalities requiring annual payment while others might have more frequent intervals.

Other Taxes

Beyond the aforementioned taxes, Norway also has provisions for:

• Inheritance Tax: Levied on assets inherited after someone’s death.
• Gift Tax: Applied when one receives significant assets as gifts.

While the above offers a general overview, the intricacies of the Norwegian tax system can vary based on individual circumstances. It is essential to be informed and, if necessary, consult with a tax professional to understand your specific tax obligations in Norway.

Tax Residency in Norway

One’s tax obligations in Norway are largely determined by their status as a tax resident or non-resident. The distinction between these categories is of utmost importance, as it delineates the extent of an individual’s tax liabilities.

Definition of a Tax Resident

A person is considered a tax resident of Norway if they stay in Norway for a continuous period of more than 183 days during any 12-month period or 270 days during any 36-month period. Or if they establish a habitual abode in Norway, irrespective of the length of stay.

Once an individual is deemed a tax resident of Norway, they are liable for tax on their worldwide income, not just the income earned within the country.

Criteria for Taxation for Non-Residents

 Non-residents, on the other hand, are typically taxed only on income sourced within Norway. This can include:

•  Salaries earned for work performed in Norway.
•  Income from a business or profession carried out in Norway.
•  Rental income from Norwegian properties.
• Capital gains on the sale of Norwegian assets.

It is important to note that the nature and extent of the tax can vary based on the type and source of the income.

Implications of Dual Tax Treaties

Norway has entered into tax treaties with numerous countries to prevent double taxation and tax evasion. If you’re a resident of one of these treaty countries, you might be entitled to certain reliefs or exemptions.

Purpose

These treaties ensure that the same income isn’t taxed in both Norway and your home country. They determine which country has the right to tax specific types of income.

Claiming Benefits

If you believe you qualify for treaty benefits, it’s essential to refer to the specific treaty’s provisions and provide necessary documentation to the Norwegian Tax Administration.

Transition Between Residencies

For those who transition between resident and non-resident status, special considerations come into play. For instance:

• Upon moving to Norway and gaining resident status, one needs to inform the tax office to ensure correct taxation.
• Similarly, when leaving Norway and relinquishing tax residency, certain procedures and declarations need to be followed to be in compliance.

Tax Returns and Declarations

An integral aspect of fulfilling one’s tax obligations in Norway is the timely and accurate submission of tax returns. For foreign residents unfamiliar with the Norwegian system, this process can seem daunting. However, with a clear understanding of the requisites and deadlines, this responsibility becomes far more manageable.

The Importance of the ‘Selvangivelse’ (Tax Return)

The ‘Selvangivelse’ is the annual tax return that individuals, including foreign residents, must file with the Norwegian Tax Administration. This document provides a detailed account of an individual’s income, deductions, wealth, and debts.

The purpose Is to reconcile the preliminary tax calculated at the beginning of the year with the actual tax owed. This ensures that one neither overpays nor underpays their tax dues.

The Norwegian Tax Administration often sends out pre-completed tax returns, especially if one’s financial matters are straightforward. However, it’s crucial to review this document for accuracy and completeness.

How to File Your Tax Return

There are multiple ways to file the Selvangivelse.

Digital Submission

The most common and convenient method is through the online portal provided by the Norwegian Tax Administration. It’s user-friendly and offers English translations for ease of use.

Paper Submission

For those who cannot access the digital platform or prefer a manual method, paper forms are available. However, it’s essential to ensure accuracy and completeness, as manual entries leave more room for error.

Deadlines to Remember

Submission Date

Typically, the deadline for submitting the Selvangivelse falls in April, though the exact date can vary each year. It’s essential to mark this date in your calendar and prepare your documents well in advance.

Preliminary Tax Assessment

After submission, a preliminary tax assessment will usually be available by June, providing an overview of your calculated taxes for the year.

Penalties for Late or Incorrect Submissions

• Late Submission: Missing the submission deadline can result in penalties or surcharges. The longer the delay, the higher the potential penalty.
• Inaccuracies: Submitting an incorrect tax return, whether unintentional or deliberate, can have serious repercussions. In cases of significant under-reporting, there might be additional tax charges, penalties, and in severe cases, legal consequences.

Special Provisions for Expats and Foreign Workers

Norway, acknowledging the unique challenges faced by foreign workers and expats, has instituted a set of provisions tailored to address their specific circumstances. By familiarizing oneself with these provisions, foreign residents can effectively optimize their tax positions and navigate the Norwegian tax system with greater ease.

Tax Deductions Available for Expats

Standard Deduction for Foreign Workers

This deduction is specifically designed for foreign workers in Norway. It is either a fixed percentage of gross income (up to a maximum amount) or a fixed sum, whichever is lower.

Eligibility for this deduction usually lasts for the first two years of residency, after which standard Norwegian deductions apply.

Commuter’s Deduction

Foreign workers commuting to Norway and who maintain a home outside Norway might be eligible for this deduction. It covers additional expenses incurred as a result of commuting, like travel and extra living costs.

The exact amount can vary based on individual circumstances, including distance and frequency of commute.

Deduction for Higher Living Costs

If you, as a foreign worker, face higher living expenses due to your temporary stay in Norway, you might be eligible for this deduction. This is particularly relevant for those from countries with a significantly lower cost of living.

Related: Learn about the minimum wage in Norway

Svalbard Taxation

The archipelago of Svalbard, while being part of Norway, has a distinct tax system.

Reduced Tax Rate. Income earned in Svalbard is taxed at a considerably lower rate than on the mainland.

Tax Liabilities from the mainland. It’s important to understand that if you also have income from the Norwegian mainland, you may still be liable for additional taxes there.

Skatteetaten (The Norwegian Tax Administration) Services for Foreigners

The Norwegian Tax Administration, recognizing the challenges foreign residents might face, offers several services:

• Tax Offices for Foreign Workers: Specialized offices in certain cities cater explicitly to the needs of foreign workers. They offer guidance and handle tax cards, tax returns, and other relevant queries.
• Information Sessions: Periodic sessions and seminars are organized, providing foreigners with essential knowledge about the Norwegian tax system. These sessions can be especially beneficial for new arrivals.
• English Resources: The official website provides a plethora of resources in English, from downloadable forms to comprehensive guides on various tax topics.

Value Added Tax (VAT) Refund for Tourists

For tourists visiting Norway, the intricacies of the country’s tax system might seem distant from their travel agendas. However, Norway’s VAT refund scheme offers an opportunity for tourists to claim back a significant portion of the taxes paid during their visit, thereby making their shopping experience more economical. Below, we delve into the mechanics of this system and provide a structured guide on how tourists can navigate it effectively.

Understanding VAT in Norway

As previously highlighted in the basics of Norwegian taxation, VAT is a consumption tax applied to most goods and services in Norway. For tourists, this implies an added cost to their purchases, but the refund scheme provides a mechanism to reclaim this.

Who is Eligible?

• Non-Resident Tourists: The scheme is open to tourists who reside outside Norway. This includes visitors from other European countries, even though Norway is part of the European Economic Area (EEA) and not the European Union.
• Minimum Purchase Amount: There’s usually a minimum purchase amount set for a single transaction to qualify for the VAT refund.
• Duration of Stay: Tourists should not have stayed in Norway for more than 365 consecutive days before the time of purchase.

The Refund Process

Here’s the steps you need to take to secure your refund.

At the Point of Purchase

Ask the retailer for a “Tax-Free Form” when shopping. It’s important to note that not all shops participate in the refund scheme, so ensure you shop at eligible outlets.

Securely keep the purchase receipts and the Tax-Free Form.

On Departure

 Before leaving Norway, present the purchased items, receipts, and the Tax-Free Form at the customs office at your point of exit. It is essential for the goods to be unused and in their original packaging.

Once the customs officer verifies your purchases, they will stamp your Tax-Free Form. This is a crucial step, as without the stamp, no refund can be processed.

Claiming the Refund

 After getting the necessary stamp, you can approach VAT refund counters available at major airports or ports. Present your stamped form and opt for your preferred method of refund, be it cash, card refund, or a cheque.

Alternatively, if you’re short on time, you can mail the stamped form to the address provided by the refund agency, and they will process the refund remotely.

Deductions and Service Fees

While the VAT refund process provides substantial savings, it’s essential to be aware that most refund agencies will deduct a service fee from the total refund amount.

Special Cases

Certain items, especially those of high value like art or antiques, may have specific stipulations or might not be eligible for a refund. It’s recommended to inquire in advance to avoid any misunderstandings.

Tips for Tax Compliance

Ensuring full compliance with the Norwegian tax system can seem complex, especially for individuals unfamiliar with its intricacies. However, adhering to regulations is paramount, not only to avoid penalties but also to maintain one’s legal and financial standing in the country. Here, we outline essential tips to ensure you remain compliant with the Norwegian taxation laws.

Regularly Review Tax Residency Status

Stay Updated:  Always be aware of the criteria for tax residency and review your status, especially if there have been changes in your circumstances, such as prolonged stays abroad or a change in employment location.

Maintain Records:  Keep a record of your stays in and out of Norway. This will help if there’s ever a need to verify your tax residency status.

Diligent Record-Keeping

Save All Documents:  Store all relevant financial documents, including payslips, bank statements, property documents, and any other income or asset-related paperwork.

Organize for Accessibility:  Establish a system to ensure you can access these documents easily. This is particularly useful during the tax filing period or if there’s an inquiry from the tax authorities.

Stay Updated on Tax Rates and Deductions

Regular Check:  Tax rates and available deductions might change. It’s advisable to check the Norwegian Tax Administration’s website or consult a tax professional annually.

Benefit from Deductions:  Ensure that you’re availing of all the deductions you’re entitled to, especially the ones specific to expats and foreign workers.

Use Official Channels for Queries

Consult the Norwegian Tax Administration:  They offer various resources in English and hold periodic information sessions which can be invaluable for understanding any updates or changes.

Avoid Relying on Informal Advice:  While friends or acquaintances might offer insights, always verify information from official or expert sources.

Consider Professional Assistance: 

Hire a Tax Advisor:  If you’re unsure about any aspect of your tax obligations, it might be worth investing in professional assistance. A tax advisor familiar with the Norwegian system can offer tailored guidance and ensure your filings are accurate.

Understand Their Role:  Remember, while tax professionals can advise, the ultimate responsibility for accurate and timely submission rests with the individual.

Respect Deadlines

Mark Your Calendar:  Always be aware of the key dates, especially the tax return submission deadline, to avoid penalties or surcharges.

Set Early Reminders:  It’s advisable to start preparing well in advance of the deadline to ensure you have all necessary documents and information.

Stay Ethical and Transparent

Full Disclosure:  Always provide accurate and complete information in your tax returns.

Avoid Temptation:  Engaging in tax evasion or fraudulent practices can lead to severe legal repercussions and can compromise your standing in the community and country.